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Firefighting Health Risks: Protecting Respiratory Health
Andy Potter • December 11, 2024

Firefighters put their well-being on the line daily, facing hazardous challenges to save lives. Continuous exposure to smoke, toxic fumes, and harmful particulates encountered during fires and rescue operations can have an adverse effect on their health, and thus, protecting the respiratory system is a crucial part of firefighter health and safety. 


By adhering to the correct precautions, using specialised technology, and following compliant protocols, firefighters can mitigate the respiratory risks associated with their line of work. 


In this article, we’ll explore the main firefighting health risks to lung health and the modern-day strategies firefighters use to protect themselves.


Why Safeguarding Lung Health Matters in Firefighting


“Firefighters are significantly more likely to die from cancer, heart attacks, strokes, and other diseases than the general public.” 

- The Fire Brigades Union (FBU)


Imagine breathing in smoke filled with hazardous particulates like carbon monoxide and hydrogen cyanide–both of which can cause permanent lung damage or worse. Then there are the toxic fumes from burning plastics, wood, and other flammable materials. Over time, and without proper precautions, exposure to these carcinogens can compound, resulting in devastating health complications. 


Firefighters who lack adequate protection are susceptible to debilitating conditions, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, and even cancer. Research indicates that firefighters aged 35 to 39 have up to a 323% higher incidence of cancer compared to their peers in the same age group.


The Legality of Firefighter Health & Safety


Laws and regulations keep firefighters and the public safe. In the UK, the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 is the primary law for workplace safety. This law states that fire services must protect workers' health and safety by providing training, equipment and protective gear to mitigate work-related risks.


The Regulatory Reform Order 2005 focuses on preventing fires and reducing workplace risks. Risk assessments are critical. They help locate, ascertain and manage potential dangers. These future-proof assessments protect both the public and the firefighters during fires.


Additionally, the Fire Safety Regulations 2022 recently introduced extra safeguards to fortify existing ones. These laws would further outline safety protocols and support firefighters facing modern-day challenges. The HSE oversees these laws, ensuring fire services stay accountable for their teams’ protection.


The Vital Role of Firefighting Breathing Apparatus


Wearing appropriate breathing apparatus (BA) during firefighting operations is mandatory for firefighters. These devices safeguard respiratory health by supplying clean air, allowing firefighters to work without inhaling dangerous particulates. 


The type most commonly used is the self-contained breathing apparatus. The SCBA comes with high-pressure canisters that provide constant clean air and allow firefighters to move in smoke-filled environments without obstructing or limiting their mobility. For more prolonged operations, firefighters often use the airline breathing apparatus, which connects to an external air supply. 


These breathing apparatuses are complicated devices, and firefighters undergo extensive training programs to develop the skills to use them effectively. If a mask is ill-fitted or there’s a misunderstanding of how long the air supply will last, firefighters can risk losing their lives to the most subtle discrepancies.


PPE & Decontamination


Following the usefulness of breathing apparatus, personal protective equipment provides a second line of defence. Firefighters wear fire-resistant hoods, helmets, and full-body suits designed to block harmful particles and reduce exposure to toxins. New technology has entered the personal protective equipment field, providing protection and flexibility to complex tasks.


When the call ends, firefighters don't just hang their gear and go home to relax—decontamination is vital to the job. Gear worn by a firefighter is often covered in soot, ash, and other carcinogenic substances. Those substances, without proper cleaning, lead to further health implications. 


Decontamination procedures usually involve rinsing their gear with water to eliminate surface contaminants, washing it with special detergents, and thoroughly cleaning exposed skin. Firefighters will also change their clothes and take precautions to limit cross-contamination.


Health Monitoring & Early Detection


Firefighters face dangers that might not show up immediately—the chronic illness that may follow long-term smoke exposure can take years to develop, making ongoing medical assessments a crucial step in safeguarding health, and as such, examinations that emphasise respiratory health are a mandatory routine of the fire services. 


For example, spirometry tests measure lung function capacity and are particularly helpful in showing any early changes in respiration. X-rays of the chest can show more severe conditions, such as early cases of lung disease or cancer. 


Annual health reviews monitor the individuals’ well-being and signal whatever changes might be needed to ensure that firefighters meet the necessary requirements to fulfil their duties. This proactive approach means potential health threats are caught early enough for treatment. 


By investing in health monitoring, fire services are mindful of their long-term commitment to the well-being of firefighters. 


Why Training Is of Utmost Importance


While advanced equipment plays a significant role in firefighting, successful using this equipment depends on well-trained personnel. Firefighters undergo extensive training on the appropriate use of breathing apparatus, hazard recognition, and emergency response. Knowing when and how to use these tools is necessary.


Other scenarios covered include what to do when the equipment fails and how to handle unanticipated exposures. Regular refresher courses keep firefighters updated on technologies and best practices to prevent risks and protect themselves and colleagues.


A Commitment to Saving Lives


Firefighters dedicate their lives to preserving the lives of others, frequently risking health and safety to do so. Protecting their lungs is more than just compliance; it’s about enabling firefighters to perform their lifesaving duty without sacrificing their well-being in the process. 


In the relentless fight to help firefighters preserve their lungs, innovation, education, and commitment to safety will prosper.
Get in touch today with Ultra Protect to stay protected on duty with CleanSpace respirators and ensure safety at the station with InBiot sensors.

how to choose a good air purifier for your office
By Andy Potter February 11, 2025
The workplace is where your employees spend the majority of their time during the week, and having great air quality is crucial not only for their health but also for their productivity. Improving the air quality in your office minimises the risk of your employees having to take sick leave, as it reduces the level of respiratory diseases and allergens in the air. Investing in a high-quality air purifier is one of the best ways to improve the air quality in your workspace. There’s no shortage of air purifiers on the market, but how do you know which is best? This is our comprehensive explainer guide to why you should invest in an air purifier and the factors you must keep at the forefront of your mind during your search. The Importance Of Indoor Air Quality In The Workplace Indoor air quality (IAQ) is vital in the workplace, and it refers to the quality of the air within indoor spaces. Poor indoor air quality correlates directly with the amount of sick days taken in workplaces. Having a poor IAQ can cause a number of different detrimental health side effects, including allergies, headaches, dizziness, nausea and respiratory problems. The World Health Organisation has called air quality “the world’s largest single environmental health risk,” so there is definite cause for concern regarding your workplace's IAQ. Not only is it vital for ensuring workplace health and safety, but it’s also crucial for maintaining a great reputation in your industry. What Kinds Of Rules & Regulations Are In Place For Workplace IAQ? There are a number of different rules around IAQ that are set out in the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) regulations. These regulations state that all workplaces must be ventilated with enough fresh air to prevent ill health. The HSE recommends a fresh air supply of 5-8 litres per second per person but in commercial buildings, 10 litres per second per person is the recommendation. Investing in air purifiers for business is a great way to ensure that you are always compliant with the most current IAQ regulations. When it comes to air quality, the air introduced into a workplace needs to be free of impurities or airborne diseases that may cause illness. But with so many air purifiers on the market, how do you know which is best for your business? Choosing An Air Purifier: Everything You Need To Know When it comes to air purifiers , there are a few things you have to be aware of in order to get the most out of your model – there’s no point investing in an air purifier if you’re not going to see any benefits. These are some of the most important things you need to be aware of when you’re looking for an air purification system that will work for your space. 1. Room Size Knowing the room size is crucial if you’re looking for an air purifier for your workplace. There’s no point investing in a model that isn’t large enough when you calculate your air volume. 2. Your Problem Knowing your problem is key to figuring out which purifier is going to work best for your business. First uncover if your IAQ problems are to do with viruses, mould, smells or something else entirely so that you can tailor your solutions to best suit your needs. 3. Your Needs Once you’ve got your room size and your problem pinpointed, you can begin to look for an air purifier that creates the correct number of Air Changes per Hour (ACH), if this isn’t able to be achieved, your air purifier won’t perform. You also have to be aware of the types of filters that you need as this can have a big impact on ACH. It’s crucial to choose a model that has the right sensor for your needs, otherwise, the auto mode becomes redundant. For example, if smells or dust are the major problem you’re facing, having a model with an in-built CO2 detector isn’t necessary. Types Of Businesses That Can Benefit From Air Purifiers There are a number of businesses that benefit from air purifiers and it’s not just office spaces. Hotels, nursing homes, construction sites and student accommodation are all examples of spaces where IAQ is crucial. Hotel rooms, student accommodation, and offices that lack ventilation can experience issues with both air quality and mould, so ensuring you have an air purification process in place is vital to ensure the safety of employees, guests, and residents alike. Office spaces may benefit from ultra-quiet models that can be on at all times without interrupting telephone calls or important meetings. Whilst hotels and student accommodations may benefit from a wall model that has both air purification and dehumidification in a single unit so you can improve ventilation, prevent mould and improve air quality. Types Of Filters For Your Workplace HEPA HEPA air filters can trap 99.97% of airborne particles that are 0.3 microns or smaller. They remove allergens like dust, mould, pollen and dander. They can also effectively remove smoke and fumes. HEPA filters are great for use in hospitals, nursing homes, hospices, and other areas where constant air purification is an absolute must. Carbon Filters Carbon filters use activated carbon to remove smells, gasses and pollutants from the air. They’re great for removing smells from smoke as well as removing volatile organic compounds like paint, cleaning products and construction materials. They are also effective at removing gasses from acetone and paint fumes, so they are great for construction sites. UC-V UC-V purifiers use Ultraviolet-C light to eliminate airborne pathogens like bacteria, viruses and mould spores. They are great for air purification in areas where reducing airborne pathogens is vital. The UV-C light is combined with filtration technologies like HEPA or carbon filters to neutralise and remove any potential contaminants. Air Purifier Placement Placement matters when it comes to choosing an air purifier for your workplace. You need to ensure it is off the floor, which saves space and ensures that it doesn’t just get unplugged and forgotten about by an employee. Wall models are a great option for businesses as they can be wired into an electrical circuit to be on 24/7. These are perfect for workplaces as you can “set and forget” your air purifier and rest assured that the IAQ in your space is in line with UK regulations. They’re also great as they save space and are a discreet option if aesthetics are important to you. Ceiling models (with noise reduction) are another popular option for workplaces. They can be easily added to the correct positions so that the room's individuals benefit directly from the clean airflow. How Can Ultra Protect Help You? If you’ve been wondering how to choose a good air purifier for your business, our team at Ultra Protect is here to help. In addition to our range of air purifiers, we also have InBiot , a smart solution that monitors and enhances your building's indoor air quality in real-time. Whether you’re looking to upgrade your current air purification process or you’re moving to a new space and want to start fresh, we can provide you with bespoke solutions that will work for your business. Contact us today for a consultation or for more information on how you can effectively improve the IAQ in your workplace.
Candles & indoor air quality
By Andy Potter February 3, 2025
Learn how burning candles affects your indoor air quality and discover countermeasures to reduce health risks.
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