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Indoor Air Quality Standards: Workplace Rules & Regulations
Andy Potter • January 7, 2025

Since the COVID outbreak, indoor air quality's crucial role in our health, safety, and productivity has become more apparent and requires more consideration. People in the UK spend up to 90% of their time indoors, a good part of which is spent in the workplace. 


However, indoor air can become five times more polluted than outside, which can directly impact an employee's well-being, leading to health problems like headaches, fatigue, respiratory problems, and decreased cognitive functions. 


Employers are legally required to make sure the work environment is safe and healthy and maintain IAQ under UK indoor air quality regulations. This would include proper ventilation and real-time data monitoring to manage the best air quality. 


With this article, our specialists at Ultra Protect have compiled a comprehensive indoor air quality guide that will help you understand UK legislation and the steps you need to take as an employer to ensure a safe and healthy environment is provided for employees. 


Understanding Your Legal Responsibilities as an Employer


What you need to understand is that, currently, employers are legally responsible for maintaining indoor air quality. While there isn’t one overarching legislation in the UK, there are some indoor air quality standards and guidelines that employers can follow.


Under the Health & Safety at Work Act 1974


Employers must ensure a safe working environment, which includes finding ways to control exposure to harmful pollutants. 


It is important to remember that your employees don't need to have been injured or made ill through your negligence as an employer to file a claim and prosecution to follow. 


According to this legislation, the minimum you should do is:


  • Identify the hazards that could cause injury or illness. 
  • Decide the likelihood of someone getting harmed and how severe the risk is. 
  • Take the necessary actions to eliminate the hazards or manage the risks


The Workplace (Health, Safety & Welfare) Regulations 1992


This regulation states that all employers must make sure workplaces have adequate ventilation, with sufficient fresh air for all occupants (Regulation 6). It also highlights that ventilation systems must be maintained in good working order and regularly cleaned for the best air conditions (Regulation 5). 


These regulations recommend a fresh air supply of 5-8 litres per second per person. In order to measure and manage this, employees should monitor air quality by putting systems in place that can regularly check CO2 levels and air quality. If external pollutants are present, these systems should filter them out. 


Essentially, you should ensure regular maintenance and monitoring with real-time data to comply with regulations and maintain the fresh air your employees deserve. 


And now that you understand your legal obligations, let's look at some thresholds you need to have in mind and ways you can make sure the air quality in your workspace is compliant. 


Some Threshold Standards to Keep In Mind


There are some thresholds you should be aware of for pollutants like CO2, VOCs, particulate matter, and carbon monoxide that determine acceptable air quality levels. 


For example, CO2 levels in workplaces should generally stay below 1000 ppm to avoid health risks. Particulate Matter (PM2.5), on the other hand, should not exceed 10 µg/m³ (annual average) or 25 µg/m³ (24-hour average). Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have no specific limit, but concentrations should be kept as low as possible to prevent respiratory irritation. And finally, carbon monoxide (CO) should remain below 35 ppm over an 8-hour exposure.


All of these involve indoor air quality monitoring and real-time data to make sure you identify the issues as early as possible. 


How to Improve Indoor Air Quality In Your Workspace


There are several key strategies we suggest you implement to ensure good air quality and regulation compliance in the workspace:  


Regularly Ventilate Your Space to Maintain


Regular fresh air entry can significantly improve the air quality of your offices. To help you with this task, consider mechanical ventilation with heat recovery systems (MVHR) during construction or renovation. These can provide filtered air and improve energy efficiency. 


They work by extracting stagnant air and transferring heat to the incoming fresh hair through a heat exchanger, always keeping the heat inside the home. MVHR systems are an excellent, cost-efficient choice for improving indoor air quality.


If you'd like to install MVHR, consult ventilation experts like our team at Ultra Protect. We’re always available to answer your questions and provide expert advice on heat recovery systems solutions. 


Control the Source of Pollution


Finding and reducing sources of indoor pollutants like combustion appliances, building materials, cleaning products, etc.


It is also important to locate the sources of indoor pollutants, which often can be combustion appliances, building materials, or cleaning products. Make sure to opt for products with low volatile organic compounds (VOC), and don't forget to control moisture indoors to prevent mould. 


Install Air Purification Systems


Air purifiers can help filtration and remove particulate pollutants, gases, and odours from your working space. 


Clean & Maintain Regularly


Don't forget to regularly replace filters, vents and ductwork to prevent the recirculation of dust and other pollutants. It is also worth upgrading old ventilation equipment as modern solutions tend to have better systems and improve airflow and filtration. 


Indoor Air Quality Testing & Monitoring


So, what can you do to assess the air quality in your workspace? One common method includes installing CO2 monitors, which will measure carbon dioxide levels and airflow. You can also implement IAQ monitors, which track multiple parameters like temperature, humidity, and VOCs. 


Smart indoor monitoring services like inBiot's real-time IAQ monitoring system are extremely useful. They allow for continuous tracking, offering instant alerts and real-time data that can help you optimise ventilation and always stay on top of the game with air quality standards.


Relying on these devices can really help you effectively monitor and improve your workspace’s environment and take a lot of the work off your hands.


Ensuring Optimal Airflow In Your Workplace


Creating a safer and more comfortable environment for your employees is not only your legal obligation but also a way to ensure health and productivity in your workplace. 


Adhering to established regulations, monitoring air quality through real-time data, and implementing effective ventilation and purification systems can significantly improve your work environment, reducing the risks of respiratory problems. 


At Ultra Protect, we specialise in providing indoor air quality assessments and testing along with comprehensive IAQ solutions tailored to your workplace needs. Our inBiot Indoor Air Quality Monitoring system can offer you continuous, real-time data that will allow you to manage air quality efficiently and ensure compliance with health standards. 


If you have further questions or need help understanding all the options for indoor air quality monitoring, contact our expert team. We are always ready to guide you through the right solutions to maintain a healthier environment for your employees.


how to choose a good air purifier for your office
By Andy Potter February 11, 2025
The workplace is where your employees spend the majority of their time during the week, and having great air quality is crucial not only for their health but also for their productivity. Improving the air quality in your office minimises the risk of your employees having to take sick leave, as it reduces the level of respiratory diseases and allergens in the air. Investing in a high-quality air purifier is one of the best ways to improve the air quality in your workspace. There’s no shortage of air purifiers on the market, but how do you know which is best? This is our comprehensive explainer guide to why you should invest in an air purifier and the factors you must keep at the forefront of your mind during your search. The Importance Of Indoor Air Quality In The Workplace Indoor air quality (IAQ) is vital in the workplace, and it refers to the quality of the air within indoor spaces. Poor indoor air quality correlates directly with the amount of sick days taken in workplaces. Having a poor IAQ can cause a number of different detrimental health side effects, including allergies, headaches, dizziness, nausea and respiratory problems. The World Health Organisation has called air quality “the world’s largest single environmental health risk,” so there is definite cause for concern regarding your workplace's IAQ. Not only is it vital for ensuring workplace health and safety, but it’s also crucial for maintaining a great reputation in your industry. What Kinds Of Rules & Regulations Are In Place For Workplace IAQ? There are a number of different rules around IAQ that are set out in the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) regulations. These regulations state that all workplaces must be ventilated with enough fresh air to prevent ill health. The HSE recommends a fresh air supply of 5-8 litres per second per person but in commercial buildings, 10 litres per second per person is the recommendation. Investing in air purifiers for business is a great way to ensure that you are always compliant with the most current IAQ regulations. When it comes to air quality, the air introduced into a workplace needs to be free of impurities or airborne diseases that may cause illness. But with so many air purifiers on the market, how do you know which is best for your business? Choosing An Air Purifier: Everything You Need To Know When it comes to air purifiers , there are a few things you have to be aware of in order to get the most out of your model – there’s no point investing in an air purifier if you’re not going to see any benefits. These are some of the most important things you need to be aware of when you’re looking for an air purification system that will work for your space. 1. Room Size Knowing the room size is crucial if you’re looking for an air purifier for your workplace. There’s no point investing in a model that isn’t large enough when you calculate your air volume. 2. Your Problem Knowing your problem is key to figuring out which purifier is going to work best for your business. First uncover if your IAQ problems are to do with viruses, mould, smells or something else entirely so that you can tailor your solutions to best suit your needs. 3. Your Needs Once you’ve got your room size and your problem pinpointed, you can begin to look for an air purifier that creates the correct number of Air Changes per Hour (ACH), if this isn’t able to be achieved, your air purifier won’t perform. You also have to be aware of the types of filters that you need as this can have a big impact on ACH. It’s crucial to choose a model that has the right sensor for your needs, otherwise, the auto mode becomes redundant. For example, if smells or dust are the major problem you’re facing, having a model with an in-built CO2 detector isn’t necessary. Types Of Businesses That Can Benefit From Air Purifiers There are a number of businesses that benefit from air purifiers and it’s not just office spaces. Hotels, nursing homes, construction sites and student accommodation are all examples of spaces where IAQ is crucial. Hotel rooms, student accommodation, and offices that lack ventilation can experience issues with both air quality and mould, so ensuring you have an air purification process in place is vital to ensure the safety of employees, guests, and residents alike. Office spaces may benefit from ultra-quiet models that can be on at all times without interrupting telephone calls or important meetings. Whilst hotels and student accommodations may benefit from a wall model that has both air purification and dehumidification in a single unit so you can improve ventilation, prevent mould and improve air quality. Types Of Filters For Your Workplace HEPA HEPA air filters can trap 99.97% of airborne particles that are 0.3 microns or smaller. They remove allergens like dust, mould, pollen and dander. They can also effectively remove smoke and fumes. HEPA filters are great for use in hospitals, nursing homes, hospices, and other areas where constant air purification is an absolute must. Carbon Filters Carbon filters use activated carbon to remove smells, gasses and pollutants from the air. They’re great for removing smells from smoke as well as removing volatile organic compounds like paint, cleaning products and construction materials. They are also effective at removing gasses from acetone and paint fumes, so they are great for construction sites. UC-V UC-V purifiers use Ultraviolet-C light to eliminate airborne pathogens like bacteria, viruses and mould spores. They are great for air purification in areas where reducing airborne pathogens is vital. The UV-C light is combined with filtration technologies like HEPA or carbon filters to neutralise and remove any potential contaminants. Air Purifier Placement Placement matters when it comes to choosing an air purifier for your workplace. You need to ensure it is off the floor, which saves space and ensures that it doesn’t just get unplugged and forgotten about by an employee. Wall models are a great option for businesses as they can be wired into an electrical circuit to be on 24/7. These are perfect for workplaces as you can “set and forget” your air purifier and rest assured that the IAQ in your space is in line with UK regulations. They’re also great as they save space and are a discreet option if aesthetics are important to you. Ceiling models (with noise reduction) are another popular option for workplaces. They can be easily added to the correct positions so that the room's individuals benefit directly from the clean airflow. How Can Ultra Protect Help You? If you’ve been wondering how to choose a good air purifier for your business, our team at Ultra Protect is here to help. In addition to our range of air purifiers, we also have InBiot , a smart solution that monitors and enhances your building's indoor air quality in real-time. Whether you’re looking to upgrade your current air purification process or you’re moving to a new space and want to start fresh, we can provide you with bespoke solutions that will work for your business. Contact us today for a consultation or for more information on how you can effectively improve the IAQ in your workplace.
Candles & indoor air quality
By Andy Potter February 3, 2025
Learn how burning candles affects your indoor air quality and discover countermeasures to reduce health risks.
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