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What Are The Types Of Hazardous Dust?
Andy Potter • November 29, 2024

The imminent dangers of dust are often overlooked. Although dust may seem harmless, it can severely threaten health and safety, especially in commercial industries such as manufacturing and construction. 


From causing respiratory conditions to becoming explosive hazards, dust particulates can be categorised based on several factors: composition, size, and type. These determining factors decide how potentially harmful these dust particles are or may become. 


In this article, the air quality specialists at Ultra Protect will explore the dangerous types of dust, categorise them into L, M and H levels, and explain how to follow correct safety protocols, including ATEX-rated PPE.


The Standard Classifications for Hazardous Dust


  • L-Class (Low Hazard): L-Class dust particles include domestic dust and soil–particulates with an OEL value no higher than 1 mg/m3. While the health and safety risks might be of little concern, prolonged exposure can cause compounding issues, eventually impacting health.
  • M-Class (Medium Hazard): With an OEL value ranging between 0.1 and 1mg/m3,  M-Class dust particulates can be acutely hazardous to respiratory health. M-Class dust particles include sawdust and construction materials like concrete dust, which are known for causing health issues.
  • H-Class (High Hazard): This classification is reserved for the most hazardous dust particulates and includes carcinogenic particles like mould spores and asbestos. With OEL values less than 0.1mg/m3, high-hazard dust ranges from fine minerals to metal contaminants from heavy-duty industrial metallurgy.


As instructed by the UK Health & Safety Executive guidelines, each of these classifications requires varying levels of safety equipment and dust management assessments to ensure workers’ health is properly safeguarded.


Hazardous Dust in Key Industries


Dust poses real hazards to those working in specific industries, notably construction, manufacturing and food processing. As such, dust health and safety measures within these industries must be implemented with proper consideration using the classifications above.


1. Construction Industry: Silica Dust


When cutting, grinding and drilling construction materials such as concrete, mortar, and sandstone, RCS, which stands for ‘respirable crystalline silica’, is released. Once RCS is inhaled, it can penetrate deep into the respiratory system and begin causing several chronic diseases, including silicosis, lung cancer and COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). 


“Silica is the biggest risk to construction workers after asbestos… around 4000 deaths are estimated annually due to COPD resulting from past workplace exposures. Construction workers are a significant at-risk group.”
- Health & Safety Executive


2. Manufacturing Industry: Wood & Metal Dust


The manufacturing process produces various dust particulates that can are deemed a significant risk to workers’ health:


  • Wood Dust: Common in furniture production, joinery and carpentry, wood dust is carcinogenic. Oak, beech, and other hardwoods are listed as carcinogens and are often linked to respiratory cancers. Wood can aggravate pre-existing respiratory health issues such as bronchitis and asthma.

    Employees in woodworking environments must use adequate PPE and dust masks to lessen their exposure. M-Class dust extractors are also advised, as they can capture 99.9% of dust particles under two microns. 

  • Metal Dust: Those who face long-term exposure to metal dust, particularly welders and metal workers, are at risk of a respiratory inflammation disease known as metal fume fever. Metal dust types can lead to organs and the respiratory system suffering from irreversible damage. H-Class extractors are most suited for removing metal dust, especially in confined spaces where hazardous fumes can gradually compound.


3. Food Industry: Flour Dust & Explosive Hazards


Within food manufacturing–specifically baking and milling—flour dust is a hazardous health and safety risk. Aside from having an impact on the respiratory system and causing diseases like baker’s asthma, flour dust is also highly combustible. 


If ignited, suspended dust particles composed of flour can lead to devastating explosions.
The ATEX directive classifies these environments as hazardous zones requiring stringent mitigating measures to operate safely.


The Protective Role of ATEX-Rated Masks


One way to mitigate the risks associated with hazardous dust levels, including explosive environments, is by using appropriate PPE such as the CleanSpace EX and an ATEX-Rated PAPR (powered air-purifying respirator). 


These respirators provide innovative, high-level respiratory protection from dust particulates while utilising patented AirSensit technology to respond, adjust and adapt to the breathing of its wearer.


How Ultra Protect’s Dust Management Assessments Can Help


Ultra Protect’s dust management assessments offer comprehensive support for businesses in high-risk industries by identifying and mitigating the dangers of hazardous dust exposure. 


Tailored for sectors like construction, manufacturing, and food processing, these assessments focus on understanding specific dust hazards in each workplace and implementing effective control measures. 


Here's how we make a difference: 


  • In-depth & Detailed Dust Evaluation 
  • Pre-Planning Air Quality Assessment
  • Dust Management Training for Employees
  • Compliancy with UK regulatory Bodies
  • Long-Term Environmental & Health Benefits


Our
dust management assessments are more than a compliance tool; they provide businesses with practical, sustainable solutions to maintain safe working conditions.


Stay Protected with Ultra Protect


Understanding the various types of hazardous dust and the health risks they cause is the first step to implementing the correct control measures. 


It’s also important to note that ensuring a working environment is safe not only protects the health of your employees but also ensures working conditions are in compliance with mandatory health and safety laws. 


To learn more about how
Ultra Protect can assist you in managing dust effectively, get in touch with our air quality consultants today.

how to choose a good air purifier for your office
By Andy Potter February 11, 2025
The workplace is where your employees spend the majority of their time during the week, and having great air quality is crucial not only for their health but also for their productivity. Improving the air quality in your office minimises the risk of your employees having to take sick leave, as it reduces the level of respiratory diseases and allergens in the air. Investing in a high-quality air purifier is one of the best ways to improve the air quality in your workspace. There’s no shortage of air purifiers on the market, but how do you know which is best? This is our comprehensive explainer guide to why you should invest in an air purifier and the factors you must keep at the forefront of your mind during your search. The Importance Of Indoor Air Quality In The Workplace Indoor air quality (IAQ) is vital in the workplace, and it refers to the quality of the air within indoor spaces. Poor indoor air quality correlates directly with the amount of sick days taken in workplaces. Having a poor IAQ can cause a number of different detrimental health side effects, including allergies, headaches, dizziness, nausea and respiratory problems. The World Health Organisation has called air quality “the world’s largest single environmental health risk,” so there is definite cause for concern regarding your workplace's IAQ. Not only is it vital for ensuring workplace health and safety, but it’s also crucial for maintaining a great reputation in your industry. What Kinds Of Rules & Regulations Are In Place For Workplace IAQ? There are a number of different rules around IAQ that are set out in the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) regulations. These regulations state that all workplaces must be ventilated with enough fresh air to prevent ill health. The HSE recommends a fresh air supply of 5-8 litres per second per person but in commercial buildings, 10 litres per second per person is the recommendation. Investing in air purifiers for business is a great way to ensure that you are always compliant with the most current IAQ regulations. When it comes to air quality, the air introduced into a workplace needs to be free of impurities or airborne diseases that may cause illness. But with so many air purifiers on the market, how do you know which is best for your business? Choosing An Air Purifier: Everything You Need To Know When it comes to air purifiers , there are a few things you have to be aware of in order to get the most out of your model – there’s no point investing in an air purifier if you’re not going to see any benefits. These are some of the most important things you need to be aware of when you’re looking for an air purification system that will work for your space. 1. Room Size Knowing the room size is crucial if you’re looking for an air purifier for your workplace. There’s no point investing in a model that isn’t large enough when you calculate your air volume. 2. Your Problem Knowing your problem is key to figuring out which purifier is going to work best for your business. First uncover if your IAQ problems are to do with viruses, mould, smells or something else entirely so that you can tailor your solutions to best suit your needs. 3. Your Needs Once you’ve got your room size and your problem pinpointed, you can begin to look for an air purifier that creates the correct number of Air Changes per Hour (ACH), if this isn’t able to be achieved, your air purifier won’t perform. You also have to be aware of the types of filters that you need as this can have a big impact on ACH. It’s crucial to choose a model that has the right sensor for your needs, otherwise, the auto mode becomes redundant. For example, if smells or dust are the major problem you’re facing, having a model with an in-built CO2 detector isn’t necessary. Types Of Businesses That Can Benefit From Air Purifiers There are a number of businesses that benefit from air purifiers and it’s not just office spaces. Hotels, nursing homes, construction sites and student accommodation are all examples of spaces where IAQ is crucial. Hotel rooms, student accommodation, and offices that lack ventilation can experience issues with both air quality and mould, so ensuring you have an air purification process in place is vital to ensure the safety of employees, guests, and residents alike. Office spaces may benefit from ultra-quiet models that can be on at all times without interrupting telephone calls or important meetings. Whilst hotels and student accommodations may benefit from a wall model that has both air purification and dehumidification in a single unit so you can improve ventilation, prevent mould and improve air quality. Types Of Filters For Your Workplace HEPA HEPA air filters can trap 99.97% of airborne particles that are 0.3 microns or smaller. They remove allergens like dust, mould, pollen and dander. They can also effectively remove smoke and fumes. HEPA filters are great for use in hospitals, nursing homes, hospices, and other areas where constant air purification is an absolute must. Carbon Filters Carbon filters use activated carbon to remove smells, gasses and pollutants from the air. They’re great for removing smells from smoke as well as removing volatile organic compounds like paint, cleaning products and construction materials. They are also effective at removing gasses from acetone and paint fumes, so they are great for construction sites. UC-V UC-V purifiers use Ultraviolet-C light to eliminate airborne pathogens like bacteria, viruses and mould spores. They are great for air purification in areas where reducing airborne pathogens is vital. The UV-C light is combined with filtration technologies like HEPA or carbon filters to neutralise and remove any potential contaminants. Air Purifier Placement Placement matters when it comes to choosing an air purifier for your workplace. You need to ensure it is off the floor, which saves space and ensures that it doesn’t just get unplugged and forgotten about by an employee. Wall models are a great option for businesses as they can be wired into an electrical circuit to be on 24/7. These are perfect for workplaces as you can “set and forget” your air purifier and rest assured that the IAQ in your space is in line with UK regulations. They’re also great as they save space and are a discreet option if aesthetics are important to you. Ceiling models (with noise reduction) are another popular option for workplaces. They can be easily added to the correct positions so that the room's individuals benefit directly from the clean airflow. How Can Ultra Protect Help You? If you’ve been wondering how to choose a good air purifier for your business, our team at Ultra Protect is here to help. In addition to our range of air purifiers, we also have InBiot , a smart solution that monitors and enhances your building's indoor air quality in real-time. Whether you’re looking to upgrade your current air purification process or you’re moving to a new space and want to start fresh, we can provide you with bespoke solutions that will work for your business. Contact us today for a consultation or for more information on how you can effectively improve the IAQ in your workplace.
Candles & indoor air quality
By Andy Potter February 3, 2025
Learn how burning candles affects your indoor air quality and discover countermeasures to reduce health risks.
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